• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    airship fairing column. a sheet, having a leading edge, trailing edge, rope and extension, is secured between a first bow float position and a submerged base position, below the bow float of the array. the sheet being flexible along its length and having a first innerduct at the rear of the leading edge and a second innerduct at the front of the trailing edge. the conduits are centered on the rope and separated by a distance. a first cable, having a first length, is run into the first duct and a second cable, having a second length, is run into the second duct, and an adjustment mechanism is used to vary the length of the first cable relative to the length. of the second cable and vice versa.
    公开号:BR112014009917B1
    申请号:R112014009917-0
    申请日:2012-10-26
    公开日:2021-06-22
    发明作者:Daniel George Martin
    申请人:Gx Technology Canada Ltd.；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    [0001] The invention relates to seismic arrangements and an apparatus and method for maintaining the required spacing between sub-arrays and cables of floating cables, as may be the case, which are towed behind a ship. FUNDAMENTALS OF THE INVENTION
    [0002] Seismic arrays, consisting of source arrays and receiver arrays, are used to study the strata of rock structure beneath the ocean surface. To survey a specific area of the ocean floor, an exploration vessel is used to tow the source arrays and/or receiver arrays along a specified path covering the desired surface area of the ocean floor. Source and receiver arrangements are used to obtain important geological data. Typically, a single surface vessel will simultaneously tow both the source and receiver arrays, but sometimes an exploration vessel will only tow one or the other of the source array or receiver array. Other times only one source array is towed, while the receiver array is positioned on the ocean floor and remains stationary.
    [0003] An array of seismic receivers is shown in Figure 3, comprising multiple cables of floating cables, typically ranging in length from approximately 1500 to 9000 meters. Each floating cable cable is fitted with hydrophone arrays spaced at regular intervals along the length of the floating cable cable. Floating cable cables are placed under the ocean surface at a specified depth or depths.
    [0004] During operation, the acoustic shock wave, generated by the array of sources, penetrates the ocean floor and is reflected back. Reflected acoustic signatures are recorded by the hydrophone clusters of the floating cable cables for subsequent analysis.
    [0005] A seismic exploration vessel is generally capable of simultaneously downloading both an array of sources and an array of receivers. Importantly, lateral spreading forces must be applied to maintain the required spacing between sub-array cables and floating cables when they are towed behind the ship. The required spacing depends, inter alia, on the number of floating rope strands positioned and the required interstitial spacing between adjacent strands.
    [0006] Typically, air gun arrays can be spread out laterally over a distance of approximately 12.5 to 100 meters and cables of floating cables over a distance of approximately 100 to 1500 meters.
    [0007] A common method of obtaining the required lateral spacing between sub-arrays and floating rope cables is to position a derailleur or paravane on a dedicated tow rope from the exploration vessel. A stripping rope column is used to daisy chain one rope of floating ropes to the next to obtain the desired spacing between the ropes of floating ropes.
    [0008] Numerous approaches are employed to reduce the generated towing drag forces. Examples of such methods are the use of small diameter cables, high efficiency paravanes and the use of conventional cable fairings in breakaway cables and lead-in cables. Prior art cable fairings utilize a single cable run through the nose of the fairing to allow the fairing to self-adjust with the direction of flow through free swing.
    [0009] Several methods of controlling the position of towed equipment have been proposed to increase the quality of the seismic data being generated. One such method, for example, is the use of sheet metal or controllable birds, attached at intervals of approximately 300 meters along the length of each floating cable strands. Controllable foil sheets are used to hold the equipment in both a desired depth profile and a desired lateral offset through the length of the floating cables. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    [0010] An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for directing towed equipment behind an exploration vessel to obtain improved positional control of the source and receiver arrangements, thereby increasing data quality.
    [0011] Another objective of the present invention is to reduce the total towing load or associated drag resulting from equipment being towed behind an exploration vessel.
    [0012] An objective of the present invention in the field of marine seismic arrays is to eliminate the need for paravanes, dedicated paravan tow cables and separation cables used to maintain the required lateral spacing between sub-arrays and floating cable cables. In addition, the need for associated deck equipment is eliminated, including, for example, paravan winches and winches and breakaway rope storage reels.
    [0013] According to an object of the present invention, a sheet having a leading edge, trailing edge, rope.
    [0014] According to another object of the present invention, the sheet is used to replace a front suspension cable in an array of sources and a floating support cable in an array of receivers.
    [0015] According to yet another objective of the present invention, the metal sheet is asymmetrical cross-section and is in the shape of an airfoil.
    [0016] According to yet another aspect of the present invention, the first and second conduits can be moved to either side of the rope.
    [0017] According to yet another object of the present invention, depressors are fixed at the top and bottom ends of the metal sheet.
    [0018] According to yet another objective of the present invention, the sheet is divided into a plurality of distinct segments, contacting each other or fixed to each other.
    [0019] Further details of the invention will be described or will become evident in the course of the following detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0020] In order that the invention may be more clearly understood, its embodiments will now be described in detail by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
    [0021] Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of an exploration vessel towing port and starboard fountain arrangements.
    [0022] Figure 2 is a schematic side illustration of a subarray.
    [0023] Figure 3 is a schematic top illustration of an exploration vessel towing an array of seismic receivers.
    [0024] Figure 4 is a partial side schematic illustration of a seismic array.
    [0025] Figure 5 is the schematic illustration of Figure 2, with a steerable fairing column, in accordance with the present invention.
    [0026] Figure 6 is the schematic illustration of Figure 4, with a fairing column according to the present invention.
    [0027] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of a fairing column.
    [0028] Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of a fairing column illustrating an angle of attack.
    [0029] Figure 9 is a schematic front illustration of Figure 6.
    [0030] Figure 10 is a top view of a depressor.
    [0031] Figure 11 is a front view of a depressor.
    [0032] Figure 12 is a side view of a depressor in the base position.
    [0033] Figure 13 is a side view of a depressor in the top position.
    [0034] Figure 14 is a schematic illustration of the fairing column with depressors installed at the top and bottom ends of the fairing column.
    [0035] Figure 15 is a schematic illustration of a pulley adjustment mechanism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
    [0036] A prior art dual seismic source array 3 trailer configuration is schematically shown as an example in Figures 1 and 2, having three sub-arrays on each side. 6 High Pressure Air Cannons are used to generate an acoustic shock wave. Each sub-array 3 is towed by an umbilical cable 4 and comprises a bow float 19, a rear float 15, front suspension cable 13 of air guns 6 and suspension cables 16 and a tow conductor 9.
    [0037] As shown in Figure 2, a tow conductor 9 is provided to prevent the bow float 19 and aft float 15 of the air gun sub-array 5 from being pushed from the stern by the towing drag forces exerted on the sub-array and to keep the suspension cables 16 in a vertical orientation. The suspension cables 16 are preferably held in a vertical orientation to ensure a consistent geometry for the air cannon sub-array 5, as the depth of the air cannons 6, below the surface, is determined by the length of the suspension cables. 16.
    [0038] An arrangement of prior art seismic receivers 20 is shown in Figure 3, comprising multiple cables of floating cables 21, typically ranging in length from approximately 1500 to 9,000 meters. Each floating cable cable 21 is fitted with hydrophone arrays spaced at regular intervals along the length of the floating cable 21 cable. The floating cable cables 21 are positioned beneath the ocean surface at a specified depth or depths. As shown in Figure 4, the front floats are used to support the introduce cables 22 over the connection point between the introduce cables 22 and the floating cable cables 21, by means of the float support cables 18. The length of the floating support cable controls the depth of the input cable 22 at the connection point 24. As shown in figure 4, drag towing forces acting on the front float 19 can cause the support cable to be pulled out of a vertical position above the connection point and assume a small support angle ^.
    [0039] During operation, the acoustic shock wave, generated by the array of sources 3, penetrates the ocean floor and is reflected back. The reflected acoustic signatures are recorded by the hydrophone groupings of the floating cable cables 21 for subsequent analysis.
    [0040] A seismic exploration vessel 2 is generally capable of simultaneously towing both an array of sources 3 and an array of receivers 20. Importantly, lateral spreading forces must be applied to maintain the required spacing between the sub-arrays 5 and the cables of floating cables 21 when they are towed behind the ship. The required spacing depends, inter alia, on the number of floating rope 21 strands positioned and the required interstitial spacing between adjacent strands.
    [0041] Typically, the air gun sub-arrays 5 can be spread laterally over a distance of approximately 12.5 to 100 meters and the cables of floating cables 21 over a distance of approximately 100 to 1500 meters.
    [0042] According to the present invention, a steerable fairing column or metallic sheet is provided as part of the rigging for marine seismic arrangements. In general, a fairing column comprises a flexible column shaped like a submerged metallic sheet, which generates hydrodynamic steering forces, on the port or starboard side, as may be required, to thereby control the desired spacing between the elements of the seismic arrangement.
    [0043] A fairing column (hereinafter used interchangeably as a wing section or metal blade) 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in cross section in Figure 7. The fairing column 1 has a leading edge 7 , trailing edge 8, rope 17 and two rope or cable receiving conduits running the length of the extension. Conduits are provided for the ropes or mooring ropes between the bow float and a submerged position on the towed arrangement, as will be described below.
    [0044] A front duct 10 is located on the front edge section of the fairing centered on the rope 17 and receives a front suspension cable 13. A stern conduit 12 is located on the rear edge centered on the rope section of the fairing and receives an aft suspension cable 14. Preferably, the distance between the ducts is maximized so that the ducts are located as far forward or aft as possible. The free rotation of the fairing column 1 around the front suspension cable 13 is thus restricted, according to the present invention, by the aft suspension cable 14. Together the cables are used to carry out steering of the fairing column 1, such as will be described below.
    [0045] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a continuous length of fairing is launched end to end with the front and rear suspension cables 14. The fairing, front suspension cable 13 and aft suspension cable 14 collectively form a fairing column 1. Alternatively, a plurality of distinct fairing segments, each having a shortened length, may be cast on the suspension cables with zero or nominal spacing between each segment. Adjacent fairing segments can be chained together by means of links known in the art at various locations such as the leading edge, trailing edge and intermediate rope. Alternatively, adjacent fairing segments can simply contact each other without interconnecting links used.
    [0046] The fairing column is flexible along its length and will assume a curved profile to generate hydrodynamic lifting forces. Suspension cables do not offer resistance to bending. Thus, a preferred material for the metallic sheet is, for example, a plastic polyurethane, which offers low cost and light weight. Rigid materials can also be used for a segmented metal blade like chain, which will also bend.
    [0047] According to the present invention, the fairing column 1 is used to replace the front suspension cable 13 of the air gun sub-array 5 as shown in Figure 5 or the floating support cable 18 as shown in Figure 6. In this position, the use of fairing column 1 provides a mechanism to generate hydrodynamic lifting forces to achieve desired lateral positioning of the towed equipment within the total arrangement. Also the suspension cables run through the fairing column are adjustable, so the fairing column can be used to provide steering forces to control the dynamic positioning of the air gun 5 sub-arrays and floating cable cables 21 towed behind the exploration ship 2.
    [0048] A properly installed control device may be located at the top end of the fairing column or at the base end of the fairing column to vary and control the angle of attack 23 between the central axis or chord 17 of the fairing column 1 and the direction of flow 25 shown in Figure 8. The control device is used to selectively vary the length in one or the other of the suspension cables, to thereby lengthen or shorten the relative cable lengths between the ends of the fairing column 1 and thereby realize the direction of column 1. For example, the length of the aft suspension cable 14 can be adjusted in relation to the length of the forward suspension cable 13 or vice versa, to perform such length control differential.
    [0049] Examples of adjustment mechanisms that can be used include a pulley arrangement 29 of a standard tensioner 27, installed between the top end of the aft suspension cable 14 and an anchor point in the aft section of the float front 19, as schematically illustrated in Figure 15. Alternatively, a ratchet winch was used. For automated cable adjustment, an electrical solenoid can be used. Other control options include a hydraulically or pneumatically controlled ram and piston, an electric winch, or a motor driving a rack gear.
    [0050] Figure 7 illustrates the central geometric axis or chord 17 of fairing column 1 aligned with the flow direction 25, indicating an angle of attack 0o. The front suspension cable 13 is held at a length that is at least equal to the length of the rear suspension cable 14.
    [0051] Increasing the length of the front suspension cable 13 in relation to the length of the rear suspension cable 14 will allow the front edge of fairing column 1 to rotate with reference to the rear edge of fairing column 1 to thereby assume an angle of attack 23 in response to the hydrodynamic lifting force F exerted on fairing column 1 by the flow, as shown in Figure 8.
    [0052] Figure 8 illustrates an angle of attack 23 and, as a result, the generation of support or steering forces. The direction of the sustaining or driving forces. The direction of the lift or steering forces is indicated by the arrow F. The magnitude of the lift forces generated is proportional to the angle of attack 23. It is by this means of control that the fairing column 1 is directed. In particular, small adjustments to the length of the cables are highly effective in varying the angle of attack of fairing column 1 and controlling the steering forces.
    [0053] When the lift force is generated, the flexible fairing column will assume a semi-wave sinusoidal profile along its length, hereinafter called the “wagalhão” effect. Since the front suspension cable 13 is slightly larger than the rear suspension cable 14, in order to generate lift F, the sine wave amplitude of the front suspension cable 13 is slightly larger than the amplitude of the suspension cable. rear suspension 14. The net effect of this difference in amplitude is that a slight twist develops along the length of the fairing column, so that the angle of attack displayed near the ends of fairing column 1 is relatively small, increasing by a maximum angle of attack at the midpoint of fairing column 1. As a result, the central part of fairing column 1 generates more lift than the extreme parts of fairing column 1.
    [0054] To improve steering control, a preferred fairing column, with an asymmetrical cross section, can be used, generating lift forces at an angle of attack of 0°. Thus, fairing column 1 will always rotate in one direction only. An example of an asymmetrical sheet metal cross section is NACA 2318, although other NACA, Gottingen or Eppler cross sections can be used. Alternatively, the conduits for the front and rear suspension cables can be moved together relative to the rope 17 to achieve the same purpose.
    [0055] In applying the present invention to a floating support cable 18 descending from a front float 19, as shown in Figures 6 and 9, the addition of a trailer guide 9 may be necessary to counteract the tendency of the front float 19 to move out of the vertical and backwards, resulting from the lift forces and towing drag forces generated. Trailer guide 9 would limit outboard movement and minimize tilt angle Φ as shown in Figure 4, ensuring maximum efficiency in supporting fairing column 1.
    [0056] The drift effect results in a force being generated at the top end of fairing column 1, which acts in a downward direction, and a force being generated at the base end of fairing column 1, which acts in an upward direction . To counteract the effect of these vertical forces and their tendency to move the ends of fairing column 1 up or down, depressors can be used.
    [0057] As shown in Figures 10 - 14, depressors 26 can be connected at the top and bottom ends of fairing column 1 to counteract the forces described above. A preferred example of a depressor 26 is a delta wing hydrofoil, which generates either a downward force or an upward force, depending on the depression angle θ for which it is equipped.
    [0058] The forces generated by the two depressors 26 are proportional to the towing speed of the exploration vessel 2, in the same way that the lift forces F, generated by the fairing column 1, are proportional to the speed
    [0059] of towing of exploration vessel 2. Resultingly, the opposition depressors 26 act to maintain a constant value in the wave profile in fairing column 1, independent of the towing speed of exploration vessel 2. Thus, the use of Depressors 26 is an optional means of counteracting the vertical forces induced by the surge effect, if necessary.
    [0060] Other techniques can optionally be used in order to improve the control of the amount of lift generated by fairing column 1. These include varying the length of the metal blade rope, specifying the length of the suspension cables and the length of the column of fairing. fairing 1 to be installed above the suspension cables, varying the degree of inclination or asymmetry for the shapes of the fairing sheet to be used when positioning and specifying the number of fairing columns 1 to be positioned through input cable, or via source sub-array.
    [0061] To facilitate an automated or remotely controllable fairing column 1, communication with the individual airship fairing columns 1 can be achieved via a direct radio link between the exploration vessel 2 and a control device located on the front float of the sub-array or input cable. Alternatively, communication can be achieved via direct electrical or optical connections via umbilical or lead-in cables, or via undersea acoustic modems. The monitoring of the position of the fairing column 1 can be carried out through conventional means, such as, for example, GPS signals on the surface floats or acoustic bracing using underwater pingers.
    [0062] The preferred application of the present invention is in marine seismic arrays. Other applications include electromagnetic surveys, ocean floor nodal surveys, or any other oceanographic application that requires towed equipment to be positioned behind the towing vessel.
    [0063] Other advantages that are inherent in the invention are obvious to a person skilled in the art. Embodiments are described herein illustratively and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed. Variations of the foregoing embodiments will be apparent to a person of ordinary skill in the art and are intended by the inventor to be covered by the following claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (17)
    [0001]
    1. Marine seismic arrangement having a bow float, wherein the marine seismic arrangement comprises: a sheet (1) having a leading edge (7), trailing edge (8), rope (17) and extension for attachment between a first position of the bow float and a submerged bottom position, below the bow float on the arrangement, characterized in that said sheet (1) being flexible along its length, said sheet (1) having a first inner conduit (10 ) behind the leading edge (7) and a second inner conduit (12) in front of the trailing edge (8), said first and second conduits being centered on the rope (17) and separated by a distance, a first cable (13) having a first length disposed within the first conduit (10) and a second cable (14) having a second length disposed within the second conduit (12), and an adjustment mechanism (27, 29) for varying the length of the first cable ( 13) in relation to the length of the second cable (14) and vice versa.
    [0002]
    2. Marine seismic arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that said first and second cables (13, 14) are suspension ropes (16) for a seismic source arrangement (3).
    [0003]
    3. Marine seismic arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that said first and second cables (13, 14) are floating support lines for a seismic receiver arrangement (20).
    [0004]
    4. Marine seismic arrangement according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that said sheet (1) is asymmetric.
    [0005]
    5. Marine seismic arrangement according to claim 4, characterized in that said sheet (1) is an airfoil format designated NACA, Gottingen or Eppler.
    [0006]
    6. Marine seismic arrangement according to claim 5, characterized in that said sheet (1) is designated NACA 2318.
    [0007]
    7. Marine seismic arrangement according to claim 4, characterized in that said second conduit is laterally displaced to either side of the rope (17).
    [0008]
    8. Marine seismic arrangement according to claim 4, characterized in that said first conduit (10) is laterally displaced to one side of the rope (17) and said second conduit (12) is laterally displaced to the opposite side of the rope (17).
    [0009]
    9. Marine seismic arrangement according to claim 4, characterized in that depressors (26) are connected at the top and bottom ends of the sheet (1).
    [0010]
    10. Marine seismic array according to claim 4, characterized in that the extension of said sheet (1) is divided into a plurality of separate segments.
    [0011]
    11. Marine seismic arrangement according to claim 4, characterized in that said extension of said sheet (1) is divided into a plurality of separate segments, which are separated from each other.
    [0012]
    12. Marine vessel (2) towing one or more cables, in which one or more of said cables are connected at one or more locations along its length to a bow float (19) via a fairing column, characterized by the fact that said fairing column comprises: a sheet (1) having a leading edge (7), trailing edge (8), rope (17) and extension for attachment between a first bow float position (19) and a position submerged from the bottom, below the bow float (19) of the arrangement, said sheet (1) being flexible along its length, said sheet (1) having a first inner duct (10) behind the leading edge (7) and a second inner conduit (12) in front of the trailing edge (8), said first and second conduits being centered on the rope (17) and separated by a distance, a first cable (13) having a first length thrown into the first conduit ( 10) and a second cable (14) having a second length thrown into the second conduit (12), and an adjustment mechanism (27, 29) for varying the length of the first cable (13) relative to the length of the second cable (14) and vice versa.
    [0013]
    13. Marine vessel (2) according to claim 12, characterized in that said first and second cables (13, 14) are suspension ropes for a seismic source arrangement (3).
    [0014]
    14. Marine vessel (2) according to claim 12, characterized in that said first and second cables (13, 14) are floating support lines for a seismic receiver arrangement (20).
    [0015]
    15. Marine vessel (2) according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the adjustment mechanism (27, 29) is remotely controlled by said marine vessel (2).
    [0016]
    16. Marine vessel (2) according to claim 15, characterized in that said remote control is wireless.
    [0017]
    17. Marine vessel (2) according to claim 15, characterized in that said remote control is by an electrical connection between said marine vessel (2) and said adjustment mechanism (27, 29).
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CA2856316A1|2013-05-02|
    EP2771722A4|2015-10-14|
    US20190302300A1|2019-10-03|
    US11181655B2|2021-11-23|
    CA2856316C|2020-07-28|
    US9632195B2|2017-04-25|
    AU2012327836A1|2014-05-29|
    EP2771722B1|2018-08-22|
    US20140247691A1|2014-09-04|
    DK178672B1|2016-10-24|
    US20170299747A1|2017-10-19|
    AU2012327836B2|2014-07-31|
    BR112014009917A2|2017-04-25|
    EP2771722A1|2014-09-03|
    WO2013059926A1|2013-05-02|
    DK201400278A|2014-05-22|
    US10254422B2|2019-04-09|
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    法律状态:
    2018-07-10| B25A| Requested transfer of rights approved|Owner name: SAILWINGS CANADA LIMITED (CA) |
    2018-07-24| B25A| Requested transfer of rights approved|Owner name: GX TECHNOLOGY CANADA LTD. (CA) |
    2018-12-04| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2020-07-28| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2021-05-04| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-06-22| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 26/10/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US201161552652P| true| 2011-10-28|2011-10-28|
    US61/552,652|2011-10-28|
    PCT/CA2012/000996|WO2013059926A1|2011-10-28|2012-10-26|Steerable fairing string|
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